9/12/2015

Russian CHEERS!

ЗА ЗДОРОВЬЕ!



Everyone knows the famous "За здоровье!" [zah zdaro'vieh]. But not many foreigners  know that it is far from being a common phrase for any toasting like Salute, Prost, Cheers and so on. It is just one of thousands of versions!

THE TOAST REFLECTS THE EVENT



The biggest difference is that Russians give a different meaning to the toast depending on the situation: New Year's Eve, friends reunions, birthdays, house warming, weddings. The toast should reflect the event. Also the toast is supposed to be your message to the group about your wishes to them or to one person (to be happy, to live long, to meet more often, to remain friends and many many more).

CREATIVITY WITHOUT BOUNDARIES


Russian Toast tradition can be also called a kind of folklore. It can be a poem, a story, an anecdote at the end of which you say to what you toast to or what you wish. There are Russian websites that have a big collection of toasts divided into categories according to the specific event. If you want to impress your Russian friends, you can find a lot of interesting examples on one of these websites.

tostovka.ru
tostov.net
tostna.narod.ru

THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOAST


The person toasting usually stands up, especially if a big group of people has gathered. If you are with your family or friends, it is also appropriate to remain seated. To give a sign that you want to toast, you raise a glass (it has to be full). The toast can be 2 words or 30 minutes long. Both are acceptable. It can be a story that you tell and at the end you say to what you drink or it can be very short just as famous "За здоровье!" without too much explanation.
Usually the final phrase has one of these structures:
- За ... !   Example: За нас! (To us)
- Так выпьем же за ... !   Example: Так выпьем же за нашу дружбу! (Let's toast to our friendship)
- Так давайте же выпьем за ... !   Example: Так давайте же выпьем за любовь! (Let's toast to love)
- Я поднимаю бокал за ... !   Example: Я поднимаю бокал за нашу компанию! (I toast to our company)


VARIOUS EXAMPLES OF COMMON TOASTS



  • За любовь! / To love!
  • За встречу!  / To our reunion!
  • За удачу!  / To luck!
  • Я поднимаю бокал за любовь!  /  I rase my glass to love!
  • За Рождество!  / To Christmas!
  • За новый год!  / To a Happy New Year!
  • Пусть новый год принесет исполнение всех твоих желаний!  / Let the New Year make all your wishes come true!
  • За прекрасную пару!  / To this beautiful couple! (at a wedding)
  • За вашу новую семью!  /  To your new family!  (at a wedding)
  • За новоселье!  /  To the new home! (at a housewarming)
  • За родителей!  /  To the parents! (usually either at a wedding or at a birthday party - because they brought the person to life on that day, a few or many years ago)
  • За именинника!  /   To the birthday person!
  • За здоровье!  /  To health!
  • Выпьем за друзей, которые выручат в трудную минуту!  /  Let's toast (drink) to the friends who always help when someone is in need!
  • За нас!  /  To us!
  • За наших женщин!  /  To our women!
  • За здоровье и богатство!  /  To health and wealth!
  • За нас, мужики!  /  To us, men! (very informal)
  • Так давайте же выпьем за нашу компанию!  /  Let's toast to our company! (at a corporate event)
  • За нашу чудесную компанию!  /  To our wonderful company!  (at a corporate event)
  • Так давайте выпьем за дружбу!  /  Let's toast to our friendship!
  • Так выпьем же за то, чтобы не забывать друзей!  /  Let's toast to not forget friends!
  • Так выпьем же за настоящую дружбу!  /  Let's toast to the real friendship!




P.S. Pictures are taken from the famous Russian and Soviet comedy films.


9/10/2015

Russian language certificates: which one do YOU need


This post is about finding out which Russian language proficiency certificate you should aim for, depending on your needs. 
Recently Russia has changed some laws and requirements about the required knowledge of the language tin order to get a permit of stay and work. On the Internet you can find various names and confusing abbreviations of tests of Russian as a foreign language. This should help you to make sense of the most important ones.

There are 3 main types of exams:
    TORFL (The Test of Russian as a Foreign Language) / ТРКИ (тесты по русскому языку как иностранному)
    Basics knowledge test of Russian language, history and legal system  / Комплексный экзамен по русскому языку, истории и основам законодательства России.
    The exam required for Russian Citizenship / Экзамен по приему в гражданство РФ.

Let's have a closer look at all of them.

TORFL

This test was designed as part of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

You need it if…
…you want to study in a Russian university (Level Intermediate – to enter a university and level Advanced and higher to receive a bachelor/master degree),
…you want to participate professionally in philology, translation and interpreting, editing, journalism, diplomatic service and management in a Russian speaking environment (Level Proficiency).
…you want to Receive a Master of Arts degree in philology, undertake all forms of work in Russian philology.

Some useful links
Detailed discription of every level http://russian-test.com/eng/tests/torfl


Basics knowledge test of Russian language, history and legal system

This is the most recently developed test that is mandatory in accordance to the new migration policies.

You need it if you want to acquire
…work permit / work patent (разрешение на работу в РФ / патент)
…temprorary residence permit (разрешение на временное проживание в РФ)
…permanent residence permit (вид на жительство)

Some useful links

The exam for Russian Citizenship

The name speaks for itself :-)

Some useful links




9/02/2015

A FUN QUIZ to check how well you read Russian



This quiz should be fun even if you haven't studied cyrillic letters yet.

Let's imagine that you are already in Russia. Most of the Russian cities start to look similar to other big metropolis in other counties thanks to globalization and a big quantity of chain stores familiar all over the world. The only difference is that in Russia their names are written in cyrillic alphabet. ;)
so, this is how it feels to see them in a Russian city and you can use this chance to check how well you read Russian letters. 
Guess the franchise you are looking at and then you can find the correct answers at the end of the post.

1. Let's start with an easy one to warm up.










2. This one you can also guess without being able to read well.












3. This is one of the "classic" ones ;)










4. It starts to get tricky.










5. Still not too difficult.











6. A bit more difficult as you see some really weird letters...



7.









8.









9. You might be surprised how often Russians use "English" words instead of Russian ones.










10. This is harder as it has some cursive letters too.









11. Again, some cursive to keep you awake.













12. This is a very tricky one as it has a completely different name in Russian.













And at the end a very unexpected example just to give you an idea that it is not always with cyrillic letters... and you will see a lot of funny and surprising things in Russia! :)


(the quote under the sign says "the taste of Russia")

Correct answers:
1.Ikea  2.Subway  3.Macdonalds  4.Sbarro  5.Starbucks  6.TGI Friday's  7.Burger King  8.Pizza Hut  9.Chicken Pizza  10.Kebab House  11.Wendy's  12.KFS "Rosticks" 


8/29/2015

How to find time and money to study a language. No more excuses!


After this article you shouldn’t have any more excuses not to start learning a foreign language today. Even though the blog is about learning Russian, these tips can be applied to any foreign language that you want to master. In most of the cases people who want to speak a foreign language fluently, don’t do so only because they find excuses instead of looking for solutions. This is in our human nature and there is nothing to be ashamed of.

Excuses are the only barrier on the way to speaking a foreign language - not the difficult grammar, not the lack of time and not even the lack of money.

Excuse #1: no time.

The cure: could you find 30 minutes of free time every day? Any time when you can read or listen counts: in the commute / while waiting for a bus / while having a coffee break / before starting your day / before going to bed? Maybe not 30 minutes all at once, but 15+15 or even 10+10+10. If you use this time to study a language, every week you will spend 3,5 hours learning. This is almost the same amount of time as if you attended a language course twice a week, the only difference is that you spend NO time to get there and back.
… 40 minutes a day make 4,7 hours a week,
1 hour a day make 7 hours a week,
even with just 15 min a day you can study as much as going to a course once a week, without spending time to get there. I don’t know anyone who wouldn’t be able to find 15-20 min every day! :-)

Excuse #2: no money.

The cure: nowadays you can find dozens of online websites and Apps that can help you learn a language for free and there are many more that can help you learn without spending a lot. Just google it! :-) Even if you don’t have a smartphone that can use all the language learning apps or you don’t have Internet access at home, there are still some offline programs and good old books that can help you. For example, there is no need to buy a lot of expensive books and dictionaries. Buy just one and study with it from cover to cover. Once learning on your own is not enough any more, you can find a language partner and exchange languages practice for free.

If you have some money but not a lot, spend it on online lessons with a native speaker. You will be surprised to find out that the prices vary from 5 to 30$ per lessons. The ones that cost very little are not necessary bad, as all teachers go through a selection (look on italki.com and other websites). Instead of taking a classical course that is very expensive because you buy a lot of hours at once, ask for language practice and correction of your mistakes. Even if you can only afford 5-10 lessons in total, it can greatly help you to overcome a language barrier. Use these lessons to ask all the questions you had while studying on your own.

For those who learn Russian, for example, you can easily find the book  “Russian for dummies” that has all the basic information you need explained in a simple and well-organized way. In future posts I will keep introducing various learning tools, for now look at these posts with some useful links

Excuse #3: the grammar is too difficult

The cure: usually people think that it will take too much time to study in order to start to speak the language. This excuse is directly connected to the imaginative lack of time.

I often hear people complaining about the impossible Russian grammar. It is difficult indeed, but it DOES NOT mean that you cannot speak Russian after a couple of months of learning it. Most of any and every language is a mix of standard phrases. Not even native speakers think of grammar while using them. They remember them as a whole (for example, “How do you do?”). This is what intensive learning courses are based on. Start with this instead of learning everything. Learn the sentences you need, first, without worrying too much about “why” those words (verbs, ending, order of the words, and so on) are used. Once you are more familiar with the language you will start to pick up grammar rules and it will eventually make sense to you! Learn first what you need most and you will start to speak and write very quickly.

Excuse #4: the sounds are impossible to pronounce

The cure: the official description of a phonetic mistake is when the person pronounces the sound in a way that prevents other people from understanding or changes the original meaning. It is fine not to pronounce sounds as natives, do so as long as people can understand what you want to say. For example, there are a lot of Russians that are not able to pronounce “R” (“Р in Russian) it doesn’t stop them from speaking Russian!  

Excuse #5: I will never speak without an accent, so why even try?          


The cure: in some languages is it almost completely impossible to avoid having an accent if you are not born in an environment of people speaking this language. For example, Danish and most likely Russian, too. Russians can distinguish if a native person comes from a village, from Moscow or from far East Siberia by the little difference in the pronunciation and vocabulary, so there is no way they won’t hear that you are a foreigner, even if you pronounce everything “by the book”. :-) You will not speak without any accent, ever, just take it as it is and live with it. But if you try hard and learn the language, you will get countless complements form Russians every day of your stay. As they know that it is a hard work for a foreigner to speak Russian.

8/28/2015

The ultimate guide to ways of saying "Hello" & "Good-bye" in Russian



Foreigners who spend a bit of time in Russia often are surprised to discover that there are countless ways to greet people and to say good-bye. It might be not enough to know “Здравствуйте/Привет” and  “До свидания/Пока” in order to avoid a confusing situation. The following examples and comments should help you to get a better idea of which phrases are used in which situations.

GREETINGS


Здравствуйте!

[zdra’stvuyteh]
Formal way to say “Hello”. Can also be used to greet a group of people. In general, the formal way of addressing people is used if you don't know the other person well and if he or she is older than you (in work environments people tend to always use the formal way)

Здравствуй!

[zdra’stvuy]
Informal way to say “Hello”
Привет!

[preeve’t]
Most common way to greet informally. Simular to “Hi” in English

Приветик!
[preeve’teek]
Even more informal version of “Привет!”. Most likely to be used between girls.

Салют!
[salu’t]
Can be used only in an informal situation, usually with people you know well. It sounds exactly like the French "Salut", but in Russian you DO pronounce the "t" at the end.

Здорово!
[zdaro’vah]
Usualy used only between men, very informal.

Доброе утро!
[do’broeh uht’rah]
“Good morning”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal.

Добрый день!
[do’briy den’]
“Good afternoon”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal.

Добрый вечер!
[do’briy ve’chr]
“Good evening”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal.

Приветствую!

[preeve’tstvuyu]
Formal way to greet.
Приветствую вас!
[preeve’tstvuyu  vas]
Very formal way to say “Hello”. Can be also used to greet a group of people.

Хелло!
=Hello
Informal

Хай!
=Hi
Informal

Хаюшки!
[kha’ushkee]
Very informal. Most likely to be used between girls.

GOOD-BYEs


До свидания!
[dah sveeda’nyah]
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal.

Всего хорошего!
[vsevo’h haro’shehva]
The closest translation is “all the best”. 
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal

Все доброго!
[vsevo’h do’bravah]
Synonym of “Всего хорошего!”

Всего!
[vsevo’h]
It is the shorter version of the previous two phrases. Not very common and very informal.

До встречи!
[dah vstre’chee]
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal. But if you know that you will not meet this person again, don’t say it. The translation is similar to “See you”

До скорого!
[dah sko’ravah]
Similar to “See you soon”. More informal.

До скорой встречи!
[dah sko’roy vstre’chee]
A longer version of “До скорого!”. You should use it only if you plan to meet this person in the near future.

До вечера!
[dah ve’cherah]
“Till evening”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal if you are planning to meet with this person the same day, in the evening.

До завтра!
[dah za'vtrah]
“Till tomorrow”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal if you are planning to meet with this person the following day. Sometimes people say together «До свидания, до завтра!».

Увидимся!
[uvee’deemsyah]
“See you”
Use it in an informal situation. It is ok to use it even if are not sure when you will meet next time.

Прощайте!
[prasha’ytyeh]
Formal expression that is used if they person is leaving for a long time/unkown time/forever

Прощай!
[prasha’y]
Informal version of “Прощайте!” that is used if they person is leaving for a long time/unkown time/forever

Спокойной ночи!
[spako’ynoy no’chee]
“Good night”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal.

Доброй ночи!
[do’broy no’chee]
Synonim of “Спокойной ночи!”

Доброго дня!
[do’bravah dnyah]
“Have a nice day”
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal. Often used together «До свидания, хорошего дня!».

Счастливо!
[schaslee’vah]
Suitable in any situation – formal or informal. Rather similar to English “All the best”.

Пока!
[paka’]
The most commonly way to say “Bye”. Only in an informal situation

Пока, пока!
[paka’, paka’]
Symular to “Пока!”

Бывай!
[byva’y]
Very hard to translate the meaning. It is not very common but yet you might hear it especially in a village. Very informal.

Будь!
[bud’]
Similar to “Бывай!”

Удачи!
[uda’chee]
Can be translated as “Good luck”. Rather common and neutral. More likely to be used with someone you know.

Доброго пути!
[do’bravah putee’]
Similar to “Have a nice trip!” Of course, suitable if the person is going somewhere even if it is a short trip to go back home. Suitable in any situation – formal or informal.

Счастливого пути!
[stchasleevavah putee’]
Synonym of “Доброго пути!”


Давай!
[dava’y]
Rather simular to «Пока», it is very hard to find a meningful translation. This expression is very common. But can be used only informally with friends or family.

Давай, пока!
[dava’y, paka’h]
A mix of previous two forms. Similar use.

Ну, ладно, давай, пока!
[nuh, la’dnah, dava’y, paka’h]
A longer version. Similar use. Very informal. This expression is often used in phone calls.

Чао!
[cha’oh]
The Italian “Ciao” (most likely it has “migrated” into Russian from the old Italian movies that were very popular back in the Soviet days). In Russian, though, it is only used for "bye" and NOT for "hello".


AVOID MAKING A COMMON MISTAKE

If you are greeted with “Добрый вечер!”, it is NOT polite to reply “Добрый!”. Even though many Russian do say so. You should not repeat this common mistake as it sounds a bit rude.


P.S. There are some other phrases that we use to start a conversation, but only over the phone. You can learn more about them in the future posts.

Which expression do YOU usually use?